The faculty's research spans many cutting-edge fields, balancing theoretical and experimental approaches, as well as pure and applied physics.
These include particle physics, astrophysics, atomic, molecular, and optical physics, microwave and plasma physics, and theoretical and experimental condensed matter physics. Within these fields, the faculty's research covers a wide range of advanced topics. For example, in condensed matter physics, research includes strongly correlated systems, electron spin physics, nanodevices and physics, ultrafast and nonlinear optics, surface physics, high-temperature superconductivity, soft matter, and synchrotron radiation applications. In atomic, molecular, and optical physics, research includes laser cooling, quantum optics, Persian Einstein condensation, and precision laser spectroscopy. In plasma physics, research includes electron cyclotrons and high-power sub-megahertz sources. In astrophysics, research includes solar physics, star and planet formation, supernovae, compact stars, high-energy astrophysics, galaxy and galaxy cluster formation, and cosmology. Theoretical particle physics research topics include supersymmetric particles, charge-parity symmetry violation, neutrino physics, multidimensional spacetime, particle astrophysics, and cosmology.

The Advanced Quantum Technology Research Center was established at National Tsing Hua University in 1918. Based at Tsing Hua, it integrates domestic experts and technologies in quantum technology and quantum matter across departments, colleges, and universities, and collaborates with international experts to jointly develop core technologies related to the upcoming second quantum revolution. Leveraging the Department of Physics' strengths in quantum technology based on gas atoms and photons, and combining this with the Department of Physics' outstanding research achievements and experience in advanced solid-state materials systems, it aims to create highly applicable solid-state quantum materials capable of realizing quantum technologies. Its development direction focuses on using cold atom/photon systems and quantum materials as platforms to develop related quantum technologies, potentially enabling quantum computers and quantum communication.

The department's research areas can be divided into the following key fields:
Atomic, Molecular, Optical, and Photoelectric Physics
Theoretical Condensed Matter Physics
High Energy/Particle Physics
Experimental Condensed Matter Physics
Astrophysics
Soft Matter/Nonlinear Physics
Microwave Physics